动词时态教案 李会英.
一、动词的基本形式：英语动词共有五种基本形式,即动词原形、第三人称单数形式、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。
1.动词的基本构成及形式：
|
形式 |
构成 |
例词 |
|
动词原形 |
词典中一般给出的形式 |
be,
have, come, do |
|
第三人称单数形式 |
在动词原形后+ s |
run—runs,
like—likes |
|
以ch, sh, s, x, o结尾的动词后+ es |
teach—teaches,
wash—washes, go—goes,
pass—passes |
|
|
以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，改y为i再+ es |
try—tries,
study—studies |
|
|
have─has |
|
|
|
现在分词
|
在动词原形后+ ing |
read—reading |
|
以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e再+ ing |
write—writing,
have—having |
|
|
以重读闭音节结尾的词， 末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写此字母后再+ ing |
swim—swimming,
dig—digging |
|
|
少数几个以ie结尾的动词要变ie为y再+ ing |
die—dying, lie—lying |
|
|
过去式与过去分词(规则变化) |
在动词原形后+ ed |
work—worked |
|
以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，改y为i再+ ed |
carry—carried,
study—studied |
|
|
以重读闭音节结尾的词， 末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写此字母后再+ ed |
stop—stopped,
plan—planned |
说明：①词尾ed在清辅音后读/t/;在浊辅音和元音后读/d/;在/t/和/d/后读/ d/.
②词尾es或s在/s/,/z/,/t /,/d /后读/ z/;在清辅音后读/s/;在浊辅音及元音后读/z/;在/t/,/d/后读/ts/, /dz/.
2.不规则动词的过去式和过去分词：
|
原型 |
过去式 |
过去分词 |
原型 |
过去式 |
过去分词 |
|
1.AAA型 |
|||||
|
cost |
cost |
cost |
put |
put |
put |
|
cut |
cut |
cut |
read |
read[red] |
read[red] |
|
hit |
hit |
hit |
set |
set |
set |
|
hurt |
hurt |
hurt |
shut |
shut |
shut |
|
let |
let |
let |
hurt |
hurt |
hurt |
|
2.AAB型 |
|||||
|
beat |
beat |
beaten |
|
|
|
|
3.ABA型 |
|||||
|
become |
became |
become |
run |
ran |
run |
|
come |
came |
come |
|
|
|
|
原型 |
过去式 |
过去分词 |
原型 |
过去式 |
过去分词 |
|
4.ABB型 |
|||||
|
(1)原型后加d或t: |
|||||
|
burn |
burnt |
burnt |
mean |
meant |
meant |
|
hear |
heard |
heard |
spoil |
spoilt |
spoilt |
|
learn |
learnt |
learnt |
|
|
|
|
(2)原型改d为t |
|||||
|
build |
built |
built |
send |
sent |
sent |
|
lend |
lent |
lent |
spend |
spent |
spent |
|
(3)其他 |
|||||
|
bring |
brought |
brought |
meet |
met |
met |
|
buy |
bought |
bought |
pay |
paid |
paid |
|
catch |
caught |
caught |
say |
said |
said |
|
dig |
dug |
dug |
sell |
sold |
sold |
|
feel |
felt |
felt |
shine |
shone
(shined) |
shone (shined) |
|
fight |
fought |
fought |
sit |
sat |
sat |
|
find |
found |
found |
sleep |
slept |
slept |
|
get |
got |
got |
smell |
smelt
(smelled) |
smelt
(smelled) |
|
hang |
hung
(hanged) |
hung
(hanged) |
spill |
spilt |
spilt |
|
have,has |
had |
had |
spit |
spat |
spat |
|
hide |
hid |
hid
(hidden) |
stand |
stood |
stood |
|
hold |
held |
held |
sweep |
swept |
swept |
|
keep |
kept |
kept |
teach |
taught |
taught |
|
lay |
laid |
laid |
tell |
told |
told |
|
leave |
left |
left |
think |
thought |
thought |
|
lose |
lost |
lost |
understand |
understood |
understood |
|
make |
made |
made |
win |
won |
won |
|
5.ABC型 |
|||||
|
(1)原型后加n或en: |
|||||
|
blow |
blew |
blown |
mistake |
mistook |
mistaken |
|
|
|
|
|
