倒装句教案-张红娟

倒装句教案

学习目标

通过自学“导学学案”:学习目标、背景资料、预习思考题、新授、随堂检测、高考链接、课后思考这一“先感性后理性”的教学设计使学生在“用”中学习语法倒装句。

背景资料

复习正常语序：主、谓、宾，主、系、表，主、谓、（状）三种基本句型，主语是一个句子中所要表达,描述的人或物，是句子叙述的主体。谓语是用来说明主语做了什么动作或处在什么状态。谓语可以由动词来担任,一般放在主语的后面。宾语是动作的对象或承受者，常位于及物动词或介词后面。状语：表示动作行为或状态发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式, 条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫状语。表语:用来说明主语的身份、特征、状态，置于连系动词之后。            

正常语序：I seldom get up late.   倒装语序：Seldom do I get up late.

I shall never forget it .                   Never shall I forget it.

Your husband comes here.                    Here comes your husband.

A play ground is in front of the classroom.    In front of the class is a playground.

you can learn English well only in this way .   Only in this way can you learn English well.

倒装句"主要指的是谓语语序的倒装,当然也有宾语和表语语序的倒装。倒装句分为两种，部分倒装（将谓语的一部分提到主语之前）和全部倒装（将谓语的全部提到主语之前）。倒装的原因，一是语法结构的需要（如某些疑问句）；一是为了强调;一是为了保持句子的平衡。

预习思考题

一、 判断下列倒装句是部分倒装还是全部倒装。(必修5 unit4 Making the news)

1. Never will Zhou Yang forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper.

2. Not only am I interested in photography,but I took an amateur course at university topdate my skills

3. Here comes my list of dos and don't.

4. Only if you asked many questions will you ascpuir all the information you need to know.

5. In front of them was a broken bicycle.

6. There came a loud series of knocks on the door.

1、2、4为部分倒装，3、5、6为全部倒装。

二、 分析归纳下列例句:

1. Little did he realize how disappointed she was.

2. Only in this way can we learn English well.

3. Hardly had she arrived home when it began to heavily

4. Now comes your chances to shine.

5. Off flew the cuckoo.

6. Around the lake are many old castles.

总结:(1---3)部分倒装：是把be动词、情态动词、助动词放到主语之前。如果句子中没有这些词,要在主语之前加助动词do / does / did等,而把原来的谓语动词变成原形放在主语之后.(4---6)全部倒装：是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前. 此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。

新授(呈现—发现—归纳)

一、部分倒装;部分倒装主要有以下几种情况

例句: Not a word did I say to him.

      No sooner had he gone to bed than he fell asleep
归纳1). 句首状语为否定词或半否定词的句子.这类词或短语主要有never, neither, nor, little, seldom, rarely, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, not only, in no way, at no time, few, not, no等,

巩固练习:

1) Hardly ________ the airport when the plane took off.
　　A. I had arrived at　B. had I arrived　C. had I reached　D. I had got to
2) She is not fond of cooking, ________ I.
　  A. so am　B. nor am　C. neither　D. nor do

例句: Only by this means is it possible to explain it. (介词短语)
　　  Only then did I realize the importance of math. (副词)
　　  Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work.

归纳2). only + 状语放在句首,要部分倒装。 (从句)

巩固练习:

3) Only in this way ________ make progress in your English.
　　A. you　B. can you　C. you be able to　D. will you able to

4) Only when the meeting was over________ go back to meet his friend.
　　A. he could　B. he was able to　C. was he able to　D. was able to he

例句:  I saw the film, so did she.
　     I don’t feel like eating, Neither/nor does he.

归纳3) 以neither / nor, so开头的承接句,即:表示第二句的情况与第一句一样的句式

巩固练习:　

5) I like sports and ________ my brother.
　　A. so does　B. so is　C. so can　D. so likes

6) So loudly ________ that ________ hear her clearly.
　　A. did she speak; could everyone　B. did she speak; everyone could
　　C. she spoke; could everyone　D. she spoke; everyone could

例句:  Not only did I make a promise ,but I also kept it.
　　   Not only does John love Chinese, he is also good at speaking it.
　　   但not only...but also...连接主语时,不倒装。如:
　　   Not only the mother but also the children are sick.

归纳4) "Not only + 分句,but also + 分句"句型中的前一分句要部分倒装。

巩固练习:

7)  ________ himself wrong, but his friends were wrong.
　　A. Not was only he　B. Not only he
　　C. Not only was he　D. Not only was

例句: Not until last week did they find the lost bike. (简单句)
　    Not until my son had entered the university did he realize the importance of time. (复合句)  

归纳5）Not until放在句首,从句不倒装,主句倒装。

巩固练习:

8) Not until the early years of the 19th century ________ know what heat is.
　　  A. man did　B. man　C. didn't man　D. did man
9) Not until I began to work ________ realize how much time I had wasted.
　    A. didn't I　B. did I　C. I didn't　D. I

例句:Hard as he studies,he can’t pass the exam.

Child as he is,he knows more about the world.

归纳6）as引导的让步状语从句用倒装语序,

其语序为: 名词(无冠词)/形容词/副词/动词+as+主语+动词

巩固练习:

10)  ________, he's honest.
　　 A. As he is poor　B. Poor is he　C. Poor as he is　D. Poor as is he
例句: Many a time has John given me good advice.

Now and then does Mr white go to the film.

归纳7）在以often, always,well, then,every other day,many a time, now and again 等频度副词(短语)开头的句子中,用部分倒装结构.

巩固练习:

11)   Many a time ________ swimming alone.
　     A. the boy went　B. went the boy　C. did the boy go　D. did go the boy

例句: Such a good boy is he that we all love him.

So fast did he run that we can’t catch up with him

归纳8）在so(such)…that 结构中, so或such位于,句首加强语气时用部分倒装

巩固练习:

12)  _____ that we all went out, lying in the sun.

　   A.So fine was the weather                                B.So was the fine weather

C.The weather was so fine was                            D.So the weather was fine

二、 全部倒装:全部倒装有以下几种情况
例句：There stood a dog before him.
　　  There exist different opinions on this question.

归纳1)There be结构。另外,在此结构中可以用来代替be动词的动词有:exist, seem, happen, appear, live, rise, stand等

巩固练习：

1) ________ a beautiful palace ________ the foot of the hill.
　　A. There stand; at　B. There stands; under
　　C. Stands there; under　D. There stands; at

例句:  Here comes the old lady!
　　   Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.
归纳2) "Here, There, Now, Then + come (或be等) + 主语" 结构。说明:本句型中there是副词,应重读,强调地点。而前一句型中的there是引导词,本身没意义。
除了then引导的句子用过去式以外,其余的均用一般现在时,表示一种生动的描述。其次,如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装。如:
　　Here you are.                   There she comes.

巩固练习:

2) There ________. And here ________.
　　 A. goes the phone; she comes　B. is the phone going; is she
　   C. does the phone go; does she come　D. the phone goes; come she
例句： Up went the arrow into the air.
　     Away went the boy.

归纳3)表示方向的副词out, in, up, down等置于句首,要用全部倒装。

巩固练习:

3) Out ________, with a stick in his hand.
　  A. did he rush　B. rushed he　C. he rushed　D. he did rush
4) ________ from the top of the building when the policeman pointed the gun at him.
　　A. Jumped down the robber　B. Jumped the robber down
　　C. Down jumped the robber　D. Down the robber jumped

例句:  Walking at the head of the line was our teacher.
　　   Such was the story he told me.

归纳4) "分词(代词) + be + 主语"结构。
巩固练习:
5) ________, a man of achievements, deep thoughts, but with simple habits.
　A.Einstein was such  B.Such was Einstein  C. Einstein was so　D. So was Einstein
6) ________ are the days when teachers were looked down upon.
　　A. Gone　B. Go　C. To go　D. Going

例句: On the top of the hill stands a pine tree.
　　  In front of the classroom is a playground.

归纳5)表示地点的介词短语(如on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house, in the middle of the room等)放在句首时,要全部倒装。
巩固练习:
7) Near the church ________ cottage.

A. was such an old　 B. had a so old    C. was such old a　     D. is so an old

随堂检测
1. Only in this way _______ progress in your English.

　　A. you make B. can you make C. you be able to make D. will you able to make

2. Only after liberation _______ to be treated as human beings.

　　A. did they begin　B. they had begun 　　C. they did begin 　D. have they begun

3. Only when the war was over in 1945 _______ to get a college education.

A. he was able   B. he is able 　　C. was he able   D. is he able 　　

4. Only when the war was over _______ to his hometown.

　　A. did the young soldier return 　　B. the young soldier returned

　　C. returned the young soldier 　　  D. the young soldier did return

5. Not until the early years of the 19th century _______ what heat is.

　　A. man did know  B. man knew 　　C. didn't man know     D. did man know

6. Not until I began to work ______ how much time I had wasted.

　　A. didn't I realize B. did I realize 　C. I didn't realize D. I realize

7. Little _______ about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself.

　　A. does he care   B. did he care   C. he cares   D. he cared

8. Not until all the fish died in the river _______ how serious the pollution was.

A. did the villagers realize  B. the villagers realized　

C. the villagers did realize D. didn't the villagers realize。

9. I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life _______ so happy.

　　A. did I feel   B. I felt   C. I had felt    D. had I felt

10. No sooner had he finished his talk _______ he was surrounded by the workers.

　　A. as    B. then   C. than   D. when

11._______ got into the room, _______ the telephone rang.

A. He hardly had; then 　　B. Hardly had he; when 　

C. He had not; than 　　   D. Not had he; when

12. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once_____ with each other.

A. they had quarreled 　　B. they have quarreled 　

C. have they quarreled　　D. had they quarreled

13. I like sports and _______ my brother.

　　A. so does   B. so is   C. so   D. so likes

14.She is not fond of cooking, _______ I.

　　A. so am    B. nor am   C. either do  D. nor do

15.Helen doesn't like milk and _______ .

　　A. so I don't    B. so don't I    C. either I do   D. neither do I

16.--I don't think I can walk any further. -- _______ . Let's stop here for a rest.

　  A. Neither am I  B. Neither can I C. I don't think so   D. I think so

17. ---"Did you enjoy that trip?" 　---"I'm afraid not. And _______ ."

A. my classmates don't either    　B. my classmates don't too

C. neither do my classmates       D. neither did my classmates

18. After that we never saw her again, nor _______ from her.

　　A. did we hear    B. we heard 　C. had we heard    D. we have heard

19. ---Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?　　---I don't know, _______ .

　　A. nor don't I care B.nor do I care C.I don't care neither D.I don't care also

20. So _______ that no fish can live in it.

A. the lake is shallow 　B. shallow the lake is

C. shallow is the lake 　D. is the lake shallow

21. Be Quick! _______ .

A. The bus comes here 　　B. The bus here comes　

C. Here the bus comes　　 D. Here comes the bus

22. On the wall _______ two large portraits.

　　A. hangs   B. hang   C. hanged   D. hanging

23. _______ , he doesn't study well.

A. As he is clever B. He is as clever C. Clever as he is  D. As clever he is

答案解析

随堂检测Keys: 1-4 BACA   5-12 DBBADCBC  13-19 ABDBDAB 20-23 CDBC

　　(1)1-4题:only所修饰的状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句)位于句首时,谓语动词要部分倒装。注意:如果only后面不是状语,则不用倒装。例如:Only Wang Ling knows this.

　　(2)5-12题:含有否定意义的副词(not until，never,hardly,seldom,little,not, neither,nor,scarcely等)位于句首时,谓语动词要部分倒装。注意:10、11题：no sooner ... than..., hardly...when...句型中,前面的主句用部分倒装,后面的从句不倒装。

　　(3)13-19题:so位于句首,表示前面的内容也适用于另一人或物时;neither, nor位于句首表示另一人或物也不这样时,谓语动词要用部分倒装。

　　(4)20题:so... that...结构中表示程度的副词so位于句首时要用部分倒装。

　　(5)21题: 以here, there, out, in, up, down, away等表示地点方位的副词位于句首时,谓语动词要全部倒装。

　　(6)22题:为了保持句子结构平衡,或为了强调状语或表语,或使上下文紧密衔接时,谓语动词要全部倒装。

　　(7)23题:as引导让步状语从句时,表语要倒装,注意:如果从句的表语是可数名词单数,且该名词前又没有形容词修饰时,其名词前不加冠词.例如:Child as he is,he knows a lot.

从以上高考试题和解析可以看出:前20题属于谓语动词的部分倒装(助动词、情态动词、系动词be置于主语前);21和22题谓语动词的全部倒装(整个谓语动词置于主语前);23题表语提前,属于部分倒装。

课后思考

1.完全倒装结构的使用条件及构成形式:

　*构成形式: 句中被前置的部分(被倒装的部分) + 谓语(不改变其形式) + 主语 (+其他)

　*构成/使用完全倒装的条件是:

     1.)here , there, then, now前置句首

       方向副词:in, out, away, off, down, up等前置句首

       地点状语前置句首

       Doing / Done(动词的分词形式)+状语前置句首

     2.)句中的谓语动词是vi的一般现在时或一般过去时的肯定句

     3.)句中的主语是名词而不是代词.

He found on the ground ________ (lie) a sick old man.(lay)

Did you notice on the wall still ________ (hang) the picture of his parents on their wedding day?(hung)

_______(seat) in the front is an old man in his fifties.(Seated)

下面的句子错了吗?

There coming the right bus we have been waiting for for the last hour.

(错：coming---comes)

Look! Here comes nobody but the doctor!

(错：nobody是代词，不可用于倒装句)

It is in the center of square that is rising into the sky the monument.

（错：is rising是进行时，不可用于倒装句）

2.部分倒装结构的使用条件及构成形式:

   *构成形式:

　　                          助动词(do, does, did, will, be, have, has, had等)

　句中被前置的部分(被倒装的部分) +﹛                        

　　                          情态动词(can, could, may, might, would, 等)

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　+  主语 + 谓语的适当形式 + 其他

  可以看出部分倒装中的倒装部分实际上是一个不带问号的一般问句结构

　　*构成/使用完全倒装的条件是:

1.)凡是具有否定含义的副词或介词短语前置句首, 如:hardly, never, little, seldom, rarely, scarcely, not until, no longer, no where, no sooner…than, hardly…when, at no time, in no case, under no condition, by no means等

2.)以neither / nor, so开头的承接句,即:表示第二句的情况与第一句一样的句式

3.)only+所修饰的副词,介词短语或状语从句前置句首. 但要注意:Only+主语不可倒装!

4.)当not only A but also B结构中的not only A(非主语)前置句首时,倒装not only A部分, but also B部分正常.

5.)so…that…和such…that…结构中的so+adj / adv 或 such + n 部分前置句首

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